MelonCholi 收录于 Python

2021-04-17 约 3871 字预计阅读 8 分钟

manim

执行文件

manim yourfile.py [className] [-params]

One can also specify the render quality by using the flags -ql, -qm, -qh, or -qk, for low, medium, high, and 4k quality, respectively.

flag	abbr	function
`--help`	`-h`	Show the help message and exit
`--output_file OUTPUT_FILE`	`-o OUTPUT_FILE`	Specify the name of the output file
`--preview`	`-p`	Automatically open the saved file once its done
`--show_in_file_browser`	`-f`	Show the output file in the File Browser
`--write_all`	`-a`	Write all the scenes from a file
`--save_last_frame`	`-s`	Save the last frame only (no movie file is generated)
`--save_pngs`	`-g`	Save each frame as a png
`--save_as_gif`	`-i`	Save the video as gif
`--background_color BACKGROUND_COLOR`	`-c BACKGROUND_COLOR`	Specify background color
`--dry_run`		Do a dry run (render scenes but generate no output files)
`--transparent`	`-t`	Render a scene with an alpha channel
`--low_quality`	`-ql`	Render at low quality
`--medium_quality`	`-qm`	Render at medium quality
`--high_quality`	`-qh`	Render at high quality
`--fourk_quality`	`-qk`	Render at 4K quality

若要在 Jupyter 中使用

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%%manim Test1 [CLI options]

Mobject

Mobject 是屏幕中出现的所有物体的超类

通用方法

所有方法以 Mobject. 开头

移动

to_edge(edge, buff=)
移动到指定方向及其线性组合
- edge：DIRECTION
- buff：两者的边界距离
to_corner(corner, buff=)
移动到四角
- corner：
- buff：两者的边缘的距离
move_to(…)
在当前位置移动到对应的位置
参数可以是
- mobject：另一个 Mobject
- aligned_edge：DIRECTION 的线性组合
- coor_mask：numpy 向量，默认为 np.array([1, 1, 1])
next_to(mobject, direction, buff=)
移动到指定对象的相对位置
- mobject：另一个 Mobject 对象
- direction：DIRECTION
- buff：两者的边界距离，默认为 0.25
- aligned_edge：对齐的方向
align_to(mobject, direction)
与指定对象对齐
- mobject：另一个 Mobject 对象
- direction：DIRECTION
shift(aligned_edge)
向自己的垂直方向平移
- aligned_edge：DIRECTION 的线性组合
center()
放到画面中心

旋转

rotate(angle)
逆时针旋转
- angle：PI * number
flip(direction)
按照指定方向翻转 180 度，方向遵循右手定则
- direction：DIRECTION

变形

become(mobject)
变成其他图形
- mobject：另一个 Mobject 对象
set_color(color)
变色
- color：COLOR
set_color_by_gradient(gradient):
- text.set_color_by_gradient(BLUE, GREEN)
- text[7:12].set_color_by_gradient(BLUE, GREEN)
scale(scale_factor)
缩放大小
- scale_factor：缩放倍数
fade(drakness=0.5)
变暗
- darkness：暗度

获取信息

get_center()
获取位置信息
get_height()
获取高度
get_width()
获取宽度

组合

arrange(direction, buff=0.25, center=True, **kwargs)
排列子物体，sort mobjects next to each other on screen.

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class Example(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        s1 = Square()
        s2 = Square()
        s3 = Square()
        s4 = Square()
        x = VGroup(s1, s2, s3, s4).arrange(buff=1.0)
        self.add(x)

VMobject 独有方法

VMobject 是 Mobject 的子类，使用贝塞尔曲线来表示物体

set_fill(color,opacity)
在图案中填充颜色
- color：COLOR
- opacity：int 透明度
set_opacity(opacity)
设置 fill 、 stroke 和 background_stroke 的不透明度
setstroke(color, width, opacity, background)
设置 stroke 样式（边框样式）
set_style(fill_color=None, fill_opacity=None, stroke_color=None, stroke_width=None, stroke_opacity=None, background_stroke_color=None, background_stroke_width=None, background_stroke_opacity=None, sheen_factor=None, sheen_direction=None, background_image_file=None, family=True)
允许设置全部样式

SVG

Text

Mobjects used for displaying (non-LaTeX) text.

Tex(*text_strings, **kwargs)

可传入多个 text_strings

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class HelloWorld(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        text = Text('Hello world').scale(3)
        self.add(text)

Parameters

color
- 改变全部文字的颜色
- 接收一个str，如'#FFFFFF'
- 或者是定义在 constants.py 里的颜色常量，如 BLUE
t2c:
- text2color 的缩写，改变指定文字的颜色
- 接收一个 dict，如{'text': color}
- 或者切片模式，如 {'[1:4]': color}
gradient:
- 渐变色
- 接收一个tuple，如 (BLUE, GREEN, '#FFFFFF')
t2g:
- text2gradient的缩写，改变指定文字的渐变色
- 接收一个dict，如{'text': (BLUE, GREEN, '#FFFFFF')}
- 或者切片模式，如{'[1:4]': (BLUE, GREEN, '#FFFFFF')}
font:
- 改变全部文字的字体
- 接收一个str，如'Source Han Sans'
t2f:
- text2font的缩写，改变指定文字的字体
- 接收一个dict，如{'text': 'Source Han Sans'}
- 或者切片模式，如{'[1:4]': 'Source Han Sans'}
slant:
- 斜体选项: NORMAL或者ITALIC
t2s:
- text2slant 的缩写，改变指定文字成斜体
- 接收一个dict，如{'text': ITALIC}
- 或者切片模式，如{'[1:4]': ITALIC}
weight:
- 字重(粗细)选项: NORMAL 或 BOLD
t2w:
- text2weight 的缩写，改变指定文字成粗体
- 接收一个dict，如{'text': BOLD}
- 或者切片模式，如{'[1:4]': BOLD}
其余 Mobject 属性

Methods

set_color_by_t2c(self, t2c):
- text.set_color_by_t2c({'world':BLUE})
set_color_by_t2g(self, t2g):
- text.set_color_by_t2g({'world':(BLUE, GREEN)})

切片

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        text = Text('Google',
                    t2c={
                        '[:1]': '#3174f0',
                        '[1:2]': '#e53125',
                        '[2:3]': '#fbb003',
                        '[3:4]': '#3174f0',
                        '[4:5]': '#269a43',
                        '[5:]': '#e53125',
                    })
        self.play(Write(text))

Tex

A string compiled with LaTeX in normal mode.

Tex(*tex_strings, **kwargs)

可传入多个 tex_strings

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class HelloLaTeX(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        tex = Tex(r'\LaTeX').scale(3)
        self.add(tex)

we are using a raw string (r'---') instead of a regular string ('---').

MathTex

Whereas in a MathTex mobject everything is math-mode by default.

Code

Code 使用 pygments 给代码生成带语法高亮的 html 文件，然后再转换为物体。

Code(file_name=None, **kwargs)

结构

Code[0] 是代码的背景 ( Code.background_mobject )
1. 如果 background == "rectangle" 则是一个 Rectangle
2. 如果 background == "window" 则是一个带有矩形和三个点的 VGroup
Code[1] 是行号 ( Code.line_numbers 一个 Paragraph)，可以使用 Code.line_numbers[0] 或者 Code[1][0] 来访问行号中的第一个数字
Code[2] 是代码 (Code.code)，一个带有颜色的 Paragraph

parameters

file_name
- Name of the code file to display.
code
- If file_name is not specified, a code string can be passed directly.
background
- 代码背景块形状
- 默认 'rectangle'

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        heading = Text("\"Hello, World\" Program", stroke_width=0).scale(1.3)
        heading.to_edge(UP)
        helloworldc = Code("helloworldc.c", )
        helloworldcpp = Code("helloworldcpp.cpp", )
        helloworldc.move_to(np.array([-3.6, 0, 0]))
        helloworldcpp.move_to(np.array([3.1, 0, 0]))
        self.play(Write(heading), run_time=0.5)
        self.play(Write(helloworldc), run_time=2)
        self.draw_code_all_lines_at_a_time(helloworldcpp)
        self.wait()

    def draw_code_all_lines_at_a_time(self, Code):
        self.play(Write(Code.background_mobject), run_time=0.3)
        self.play(Write(Code.line_numbers), run_time=0.3)
        self.play(*[Write(Code.code[i]) for i in range(Code.code.__len__())],
                  run_time=2)

Brace

大括号

Brace(mobject, direction, **kwargs)

ImageMobject

注意：ImageMobject 不是 VMobject 的子类，所以有很多动画无法使用

ImageMobject(filename, **kwargs)

parameters

height：插入图片的高度，默认为 2

Methods

set_opacity(alpha) 设置图片不透明度

Geometry

通用参数

color：颜色
fill_opacity：图形内不透明度，默认为 0 （透明）

圆

Circle(**kwargs)
- 正圆

点

Dot(point, radius, stroke_width, fill_opacity, color, **kwargs)
- point：np.array 或 DIRECTION，默认为 array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
- radius：半径，默认为 0.08
- stroke_width：边框宽度，默认为 0
- fill_opacity：不透明度，默认为 1.0
- color：颜色，默认为 '#FFFFFF'

三角形

Triangle(**kwargs)
- 正三角形

矩形

Rectangle(**kwargs)
- 矩形
- paramters
  - height : 矩形高度
  - width : 矩形宽度
Square(**kwargs)
- 正方形
- parameters
  - side_length ：正方形边长

线

Line(start, end, **kwargs)
- start：起点，默认 LEFT 或 array([- 1.0, 0.0, 0.0])
- end：终点，默认 RIGHT 或 array([1.0, 0.0, 0.0])
- methods
  - set_length(length)**
    缩放到 length 长度

箭头

Arrow(*args, **kwargs)
- start：起点，默认 LEFT
- end：终点，默认 RIGHT

Animation

通用

所有方法以 self. 开头

wait()

wait(seconds)

等待动画停留时间，如果没有参数则默认等待到将动画播放完为止

add()

add(someObject1, someObject2, …)

无动画添加文字

remove()

remove(someObject1, someObject2, …)

移除

play()

play(SomePlayMethod(someObject), run_time=seconds)

播放某种动画方法

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class concurrent(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        dot1 = Dot()
        dot2 = Dot()
        dot2.shift(UP)
        dot3 = Dot()
        dot3.shift(DOWN)
 
        # 单个动画的演示
        self.play(Write(dot1))
        # 多个动画演示
        self.play(*[
            Transform(i.copy(), j) for i, j in zip([dot1, dot1], [dot2, dot3])
        ]) # 故意使用i,j是为了显示zip的使用

        self.wait()

ApplyMethod()

ApplyMethod(method, *args, **kwargs)

因为 ApplyMethod 是 Transform 的子类，所以每次只能对同一个物体执行一次操作（最后一次）

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from manim import *


class test16(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        A = Text("Text-A").to_edge(LEFT)

        self.add(A)
        self.play(ApplyMethod(A.shift, RIGHT * 7 + UP * 2))
        self.wait()

PlayMethod

Mobject.animate.method()

Creation

manim.animation.creation

DrawBorderThenFill(mobject)
Draw the border first and then show the fill.

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        cir = Circle(fill_opacity=1, color=GREEN)
        rec = Rectangle(fill_opacity=1, color=BLUE)
        text = Text('Text.')
        group = VGroup(cir, rec, text).arrange(LEFT)

        self.play(*[DrawBorderThenFill(mob) for mob in group])
        self.wait()

ShowCreation(mobject)
Incrementally show a VMobject.

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        cir1 = Circle(fill_opacity=1)
        cir2 = Circle(color=BLUE)
        text = Text('These are two circles.')
        cir_group = VGroup(cir1, cir2, text)
        cir_group.arrange(RIGHT)

        self.play(*[ShowCreation(mob) for mob in cir_group])
        self.wait()

Uncreate(mobject)
Like ShowCreation but in reverse.
Write(mobject)
Simulate hand-writing a Text or hand-drawing a VMobject.

Fading

manim.animation.fading

FadeIn(mobject) 淡入
FadeInFrom(mobject, direction) 从指定方向淡入
FadeInFromPoint(mobject, point) 从指定位置以点淡入

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        cir = Circle(fill_opacity=1, color=GREEN)
        rec = Rectangle(fill_opacity=1, color=BLUE)
        text = Text('Text.')
        group = VGroup(cir, rec, text).arrange(LEFT)

        self.play(*[FadeInFromPoint(mob, UP * 3) for mob in group])
        self.wait()

FadOut(mobject) 淡出
FadeOutAndShift(mobject, direction) 从指定方向淡出

Movement

MoveAlongPath(mobject, path)
Make one mobject move along the path of another mobject

Rotate

Animations related to rotation.

Rotate(mobject, angle)

Transform

Animations transforming one mobject into another.

Transform(mobject, target_mobject=None, **kwargs)\
TransformFromCopy(mobject, target_mobject, **kwargs)

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        A = Text("Text-A").scale(3)
        B = Text("Text-B").scale(3).shift(UP * 2)

        self.add(A)
        self.play(TransformFromCopy(A, B))
        self.wait()

Restore(mobject, **kwargs)
返回之前保存的状态

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        A = Text("Text-A").to_edge(LEFT)
        A.save_state()  # 记录下现在状态，restore会回到此时
        A.scale(3).shift(RIGHT * 7 + UP * 2)

        self.add(A)
        self.play(Restore(A))
        self.wait()

ApplyFunction(function, mobject, **kwargs)
执行函数操作

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        A = Text("Text-A").to_edge(LEFT)

        def function(mob):
            return mob.scale(3).shift(RIGHT * 7 + UP * 2)
            # 需要return一个mobject

        self.add(A)
        self.wait()
        self.play(ApplyFunction(function, A))
        self.wait()

Swap(*mobjects, **kwargs)
互换位置

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from manim import *


class test19(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        A = Text("Text-A").scale(3)
        B = Text("Text-B").scale(3)
        VGroup(A, B).arrange(RIGHT)

        self.add(A, B)
        self.play(Swap(A, B))  # 或CyclicReplace(A, B)
        self.wait()

Grow

GrowArrow(arrow, **kwargs)
GrowFromPoint(mobject, point, **kwargs)
从指定方向由小变大进入

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        mobjects = VGroup(Circle(), Circle(fill_opacity=1),
                          Text("Text").scale(2))
        mobjects.arrange(LEFT)

        directions = [UP, LEFT, DOWN, RIGHT]

        for direction in directions:
            self.play(*[
                GrowFromPoint(mob,
                              mob.get_center() + direction * 3)
                for mob in mobjects
            ])

        self.wait()

GrowFromCenter(mobject, **kwargs)
SpinInFromNothing(mobject, **kwargs)

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        mobjects = VGroup(Square(), Square(fill_opacity=1, color=BLUE),
                          Text("Text").scale(2))
        mobjects.scale(1.5)
        mobjects.arrange(RIGHT, buff=2)

        self.play(*[SpinInFromNothing(mob) for mob in mobjects])

        self.wait()

Indication

FocusOn(focus_point, **kwargs)
- focus_point：Mobject or point

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        mobjects = VGroup(Dot(), Text("x"))
        mobjects.arrange(RIGHT, buff=2)
        colors = [GRAY, RED]

        self.add(mobjects)
        for obj, color in zip(mobjects, colors):
            self.play(FocusOn(obj, color=color))
        self.wait(0.3)

Indicate(mobject, target_mobject=None, **kwargs)

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        formula = Tex("f(", "x", ")")
        dot = Dot()

        VGroup(formula, dot).scale(3).arrange(DOWN, buff=3)

        self.add(formula, dot)

        for mob in [formula[1], dot]:
            self.play(Indicate(mob))

        self.wait(0.3)

Flash(point, color, **kwargs)
一闪一闪

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        mobjects = VGroup(Dot(), TexMobject("x")).scale(2)
        mobjects.arrange(RIGHT, buff=2)

        mobject_or_coord = [
            *mobjects,  # Mobjects: Dot and "x"
            mobjects.get_right() + RIGHT * 2  # Coord
        ]

        colors = [GRAY, RED, BLUE]

        self.add(mobjects)

        for obj, color in zip(mobject_or_coord, colors):
            self.play(Flash(obj, color=color, flash_radius=0.5))

        self.wait(0.3)

CircleIndicate(mobject, **kwargs)
画圈圈

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from manim import *


class test8(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        mobjects = VGroup(Dot(), TexMobject("x")).scale(2)
        mobjects.arrange(RIGHT, buff=2)

        self.add(mobjects)
        self.wait(0.2)

        for obj in mobjects:
            self.play(CircleIndicate(obj))

ShowCreationThenDestructionAround(mobject, **kwargs)
展示方框

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        mobjects = VGroup(Circle(), Circle(fill_opacity=1),
                          Text("Text").scale(2))
        mobjects.scale(1.5)
        mobjects.arrange(RIGHT, buff=2)

        self.add(mobjects)

        self.play(
            *[ShowCreationThenDestructionAround(mob) for mob in mobjects])

        self.wait(0.3)

ApplyWave(mobject, **kwargs)
水波效果

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        mobjects = VGroup(Circle(), Circle(fill_opacity=1),
                          Text("Text").scale(2))
        mobjects.scale(1.5)
        mobjects.arrange(RIGHT, buff=2)

        self.add(mobjects)

        self.play(*[ApplyWave(mob) for mob in mobjects])

        self.wait()

WiggleOutThenIn(mobject, **kwargs)
扭一扭

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        mobjects = VGroup(Circle(), Circle(fill_opacity=1),
                          Text("Text").scale(2))
        mobjects.scale(1.5)
        mobjects.arrange(RIGHT, buff=2)

        self.add(mobjects)

        self.play(*[WiggleOutThenIn(mob) for mob in mobjects])

        self.wait()

Movement

MoveAlongPath(mobject, path, **kwargs)

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from manim import *


class test11(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        line = Line(LEFT, RIGHT * 10, color=RED, buff=1)
        line.move_to(ORIGIN)
        dot = Dot()
        dot.move_to(line.get_start())

        self.add(line, dot)
        self.play(MoveAlongPath(dot, line))
        self.wait(0.3)

Numbers

ChangingDecimal(decimal_mob, number_update_func, **kwargs)
计数动画

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        number = DecimalNumber(0).scale(2)

        def update_func(t):
            return t * 10

        self.add(number)
        self.wait()
        self.play(ChangingDecimal(number, update_func), run_time=3)
        self.wait()

ChangeDecimalToValue(decimal_mob, target_number, **kwargs)

Rotation

Rotate 目前是 Transform 的子类，即带有 path_arc 的 Transform ，所以会有扭曲

Rotating 直接继承自 Animation ，根据角度插值，比较顺滑，推荐使用

Rotating(mobject, **kwargs)

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        square = Square().scale(2)
        self.add(square)

        self.play(Rotating(square, radians=PI / 4, run_time=2))
        self.wait(0.3)
        self.play(Rotating(square, radians=PI, run_time=2, axis=RIGHT))
        self.wait(0.3)

Update

UpdateFromFunc()
实时更新

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        square = Square().to_edge(UP)
        mobject = Text("Text").scale(2).next_to(square, RIGHT)
        
        def update_func(mob):
            mob.next_to(square, RIGHT)

        self.add(square, mobject)
        self.play(ApplyMethod(square.to_edge, DOWN),
                  UpdateFromFunc(mobject, update_func))
        self.wait()
        
        # equal to
        # group = VGroup(square, mobject)

        # self.add(group)
        # self.play(ApplyMethod(group.to_edge, DOWN))
        # self.wait()

UpdateFromAlphaFunc(mobject, update_function, **kwargs)
传入的函数含有参数 alpha，表示动画完成度(0~1 之间)

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from manim import *


class test(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        square = Square().to_edge(UP)
        mobject = Text("Text").scale(2)
        mobject.next_to(square, RIGHT, buff=0.05)

        def update_func(mob, alpha):
            mob.next_to(square, RIGHT, buff=0.05 + alpha)

        self.add(square, mobject)
        self.play(square.animate.to_edge(DOWN),
                  UpdateFromAlphaFunc(mobject, update_func))
        self.wait()

Composition

AnimationGroup(*animations, **kwargs)
传入一系列动画，一起执行（不能通过下标访问动画）
- lag_ratio：默认为 0（即上一个动画运行到 0%的时候运行下一个动画）

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from manim import *


class test22(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        cir1 = Circle()
        cir2 = Circle(fill_opacity=1)
        text = Text("Text").scale(2)
        mobjects = VGroup(cir1, cir2, text).scale(1.5).arrange(RIGHT, buff=2)

        anims = AnimationGroup(ShowCreation(cir1), Write(cir2), FadeIn(text))
        self.play(anims)
        self.wait()

Camera

Camera 类及其子类用于获取当前屏幕上的画面，然后作为每帧图像传递给 SceneFileWriter 来生成视频

Constants

Module Attributes

`ORIGIN`	The center of the coordinate system.
`UP`	One unit step in the positive Y direction.
`DOWN`	One unit step in the negative Y direction.
`RIGHT`	One unit step in the positive X direction.
`LEFT`	One unit step in the negative X direction.
`IN`	One unit step in the negative Z direction.
`OUT`	One unit step in the positive Z direction.
`UL`	One step up plus one step left.
`UR`	One step up plus one step right.
`DL`	One step down plus one step left.
`DR`	One step down plus one step right.
`PI`	The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
`TAU`	The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its radius.
`DEGREES`	The exchange rate between radians and degrees.

六其他

公式怎么对齐
1. 直接在TexMobject中使用&对齐
2. 两个mobject对齐，使用obj2.next_to(obj1, DOWN, aligned_edge=LEFT)使obj2在obj1下方，并左对齐
3. VGroup内对齐，使用group.arrange(DOWN, aligned_edge=LEFT)使VGroup中的子元素依次向下排开，并左对齐

Python manim 库

manim

执行文件

Mobject

通用方法

移动

旋转

变形

获取信息

组合

VMobject 独有方法

SVG

Text

Parameters

Methods

切片

Tex

MathTex

Code

结构

parameters

Brace

ImageMobject

parameters

Methods

Geometry

通用参数

圆

点

三角形

矩形

线

箭头

Animation

通用

wait()

add()

remove()

play()

ApplyMethod()

PlayMethod

Mobject.animate.method()

Creation

Fading

Movement

Rotate

Transform

Grow

Indication

Movement

Numbers

Rotation

Update

Composition

Camera

Constants

Module Attributes

六 其他

六其他